ERIKSON'S PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
This theory is based on the belief that each stage is the result of the child's need to adapt to the social environment and must be resolved before the next stage can be successfully achieved. As the nurse, you should know pediatric developmental theories well.
Erikson's Psychosocial Developments are :
- Birth - 1 years : Trust vs mistrust
- 1-3 years : Autonomy vs shame and doubt
- 4-5 years : Initiative vs guilt
- 6-11 years : Industry vs inferiority
- 12-18 years : Identity vs identity confusion
FREUD'S PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
Freud's psychosexual development emphasize the importance of sex and control over aggresive impulses in the child's development. These are :
- Birth-2 years : Oral Stage
- 2-3 years : Anal Stage
- 3-6 years : Phallic Stage
- 6-12 years : Latent Stage
- 12-18 years : Genital Stage
PIAGET'S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY
This is a Intellectual thought development.
- Birth-2 years : Sensorimotor, senses and motor activity
- 2-7 years : Preoperational or preconceptual, Intellectual development
- 7-11 years : Concrete operation, reasoning and organizing thoughts
- 11 years - adulthood : Formal operation, abstract thinking and deductive reasoning
